The latest analysis by the Global Burden of Disease research group has been published, with Dr Péter Gaál, President of MEMT, among its co-authors. Drawing on data from 204 countries and territories, the article reviews global trends in lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis, between 1990 and 2023.
According to the findings, lower respiratory infections caused approximately 2.5 million deaths worldwide in 2023 and accounted for nearly 100 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The groups most affected were children younger than 5 years and adults aged 70 years and older. Although mortality among young children has fallen significantly since 2010, the targets for reducing childhood mortality have still not been met in many countries. Mortality among children remained particularly high in sub-Saharan Africa.
The leading pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae, accounted for approximately one quarter of deaths caused by lower respiratory infections. It was followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Newly modelled pathogens, including certain fungi and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, also contribute substantially to mortality.
The research highlights that vaccines, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to reducing the burden of these infections. However, considerable disparities between countries remain. Looking ahead, it will be important to protect children and older adults, continuously monitor emerging pathogens, improve access to vaccines and increase vaccine acceptance. The article provides detailed data on the global impact of lower respiratory infections, the role of different pathogens and the current progress towards prevention targets.
The full article in English is available at the following link: Global burden of lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023